constraint n. 1.强迫,拘束。 2.约束,压抑,拘泥。 3.强制力。 4.紧张感[状态]。 by constraint 勉强,强迫。 feel constraint觉得局促不安,感受压迫。 show constraint显得局促。 under [in] constraint 被迫,不得不;被束缚着。
characteristic adj. 有特性的;表示…特性的,…特有的。 Japan's characteristic art 日本特有的艺术。 n. 特性,特征,性能,特色。 be characteristic of …所独有的特征,有…的特色。 characteristic of logarithm 对数的首数。 adv. -cally
Cobots ' passivity and constraint characteristics and their experimental study 合作机器人的被动约束特性及实验研究
Western project exploitation , in fact all project development , must be confronted with the threat of many kinds of regional risks owing to environmental constraint characteristics of the specific area 项目必须置于特定的区域环境中进行,因而肯定要面临项目区域风险的威胁。
Aiming at this problem , the main research issues and achievements in this paper are as follows : bi - directional data transformation between rdb and xml with semantic constraints preserved for most of existing researches on static data transformation between xml and rdb , dtd is taken as the schema description language for xml , and the semantic constraints are often lost during the transformation process . to overcome these disadvantages , the author adopts xml - schema , a standard schema description language proposed by w3c to replace dtd , as the description method owing to its more powerful functions than dtd , and of course with the syntax much more complicated . after analyzing the constraints characteristics in both xml - schema and relational schema , a semantic constraints - preserved algorithm is proposed which can realize the bi - directional schema mapping between rdb and xml through a formalized description of xml based on regular tree and a general expression for relational schema based on direct graph approach 保留语义约束的xml与rdb双向静态数据转换技术现有研究大多采用dtd ( documenttypedefinition ,文档类型定义)作为xml的模式描述语言,并且在模式映射过程中丢失语义约束信息,本文分析了xml - schema ( xml - schema采用与dtd完全不同的语法,数据描述能力更强同时也更为复杂,已被w3c确定为替代dtd作为xml模式描述语言的标准)及关系模式的语义约束特征,通过基于正则树的xml形式化描述方法以及基于有向图的一般关系模式表示方法的研究,建立保留语义约束的xml - schema与关系模式的双向模式映射算法,实现了xml与rdb的双向数据转换,较好地解决了xml与rdb在静态数据转换层面的数据集成问题,可有效满足企业大量rdb数据面向xml的发布以及与日俱增的xml数据存入rdb的应用需求。